You can gather insights from GA4 about interests and apply relevant affinity or in-market audiences directly in Google Ads (these are preset and not defined by you).
You can also target selectable contextual interests in GDN/video campaigns, this means the content your ads run on rather than the interests the target audience has.
Google Ads will also provide some audience insights, although it tends to only surface ones that may have high impact to performance. You can see these in Insights reports. Plus Google may periodically recommend relevant audiences in the Recommendations tab.
If you’re not seeing this data in GA4 it’s likely because you don’t have enough volume for Google to identify or they aren’t showing it because of privacy.
I don’t believe your industry selection or turning on and signing off on data collection affects these reports, but good idea to take care of those things just in case.