> I’m a musician who has traditionally made half my income in live performance and half in private lessons. With the pandemic, live performance is generally screwed and now I need to attract new clients.

Ok, so the goal shift the balance. Less performing. More teaching.

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> I have recorded several songs and shot videos, and released one on youtube.

So you created performer content. Why didn’t you create teacher content? Isn’t the goal more teaching?

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> those clicks haven’t translated into any likes

Is the goal likes or students?

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> they have little incentive to click through to youtube and like/subscribe since the video plays the song for them already

Per above, why are you paying to play / perform songs for people?!? You’re trying to be a teacher, not a performer. And why is there no incentive?

Create appropriate (i.e. teacher) content and give viewers an incentive to engage (i.e. put an offer in the content). Users share their email to get the content. There should be no extra cost to you to send to extra people. For example, a pdf ebook or 10 free music lessons via email (you send subscribers one email lesson a day for 10 days) costs you the same to send to one person or one thousand people.

Once you start building an email list you can try to convert people on your email list to paying student and do stuff like creating lookalike audiences, retargeting, etc.